![]() Civilization V You could easily make a case that Europa Universalis IV (also on SteamOS) has more depth as far as world-building strategy games go, but it's Civilization V that provides a similarly rewarding experience without as steep of a learning curve. If you're looking for a more Fallout-like take on the same formula, be sure to check out Wasteland 2: Director's Cut on SteamOS instead. Be warned, it's tough, and you'll spend a lot of time with the action paused while you boss your heroes around. It uses Baldur's Gate II as an inspiration, but infuses it with a story that's more in line with the darker appetites of a post Dark Souls-world. Pillars of Eternity You can find a remastered version of the near-legendary RPG Baldur's Gate II on SteamOS, but it's Pillars of Eternity that stands out. All of these elements work together to create one of the most unforgettable games of this generation. Yet its greatest strength lies in its characters, whether it's in the protagonist Booker or Elizabeth, the young woman he escorts throughout most of the game, or in the majestic floating city of Columbia itself. Bioshock Infinite Bioshock Infinite isn't just a good shooter, but a tale and setting that touches heavily on some of the standout concerns in contemporary American society as well. ![]() In the process, it establishes itself as a genre essential in its own right. You're a knight with a shovel, though, and Shovel Knight backs that up with an appropriately complementary story and memorable art style. A 2D-sidescrolling platformer, it recalls the glory days of the genre on the NES with panache, right down to bosses and responsive gameplay inspired by Mega Man, Duck Tales, and all the other greats. Shovel Knight A lot of games try to build on nostalgia these days, but few manage to pull it off as well as Shovel Knight. If you've never played it before, you'll quickly see why so many of us eagerly await the announcement of the third entry in the series. It's the game that first proved you can make a good shooter with a great story, and few have surpassed it in this regard after all this time. But it holds up, and holds up extraordinarily well. Half-Life 2 Half-Life 2 came out way back in 2004, and after all that time, putting it on a list like this runs the danger of veering into cliche.
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![]() The only way i found to get the daggers with yoink is with Sir Finley Mrrgglton giving you another starting heropower and then changing back. The name of the Barrens set achievement tied with this card is a reference to the comedy series 'The Office' (US). This card's artwork depicts Scabbs Cutterbutter stealing from Varden Dawngrasp, Rokara, and Guff Runetotem. Yoink is an epic rogue spell card, from the Forged in the Barrens set. Spymaster Scabbs now represents 18 damage after being Stealthed by his own Gizmo! And with that, the final piece of the puzzle fell. Why has the yoink achievement steal all 10 heropowers when one of them is their own. You might be looking for one of these cards: Yoink (Hero Power). Playing chunky four mana 6/6s in Rogue becomes a lot more enticing when that 6 becomes a 12. In a world where Combo decks kill you on turn 7, the disruptive decks needed to do the same. Discover a Hero Power and set its Cost to (0).Swap back after 2 uses. This card completely snuck by under people's radar until Hunterace unveiled its hidden truth. Yoink is a 1 Mana Cost Epic Rogue Spell card from the Forged in the Barrens set Card Text. "Battlegrounds Battlemaster isn't okay, is it?" This new Loatheb, a five mana Game Ender, was the talk of the Stormwind Trading District.Maxing out on SI:7 cards became the best way to play, and especially because of one new card: Infiltrator, the one that eats Secrets and has literally never seen the light of day, found a way in. "Wait, we should probably try every SI:7 card period, huh." There was perhaps an even sillier SI:7 minion to include.Super Scabbs would end the game regardless of where you were- just get there. It was okay to play a Yeti that helped fuel your Quest because your Quest was what mattered. "Wait, we should probably at least try every new SI:7 card, right?" The fans of "All-2-Of's" lists started backing up and rewinding- "Let's just start with jamming every single SI:7 card, even these really goofy-looking four mana 3/3 Informants." And they were right- Informant, a Rogue Chillwind Yeti-meets- Mountain Giant, was Fine Enough.But it was still taking a couple days as grinders fell in and out of sleep. "Okay, which version do we play?" There were attempts to mimic things like the Tempo Rogue list that became known as Token Rogue, and a lot of cards carried over from Miracle like Secret Passage, Foxy Fraud, Swindle, and Wicked Stab*.Miracle was great at dismantling minion-centric boards- but now Mage Quests and Warlock Quests and Demon Hunter Quest OTKs were flourishing. The goal of this Hearthstone Divine Spirit Priest OTK combo deck is to use Wave of Apathy combined with Potion of Madness We do this by stealing a high health minion from the opponent with Wave of Apathy and Potion of Madness or Shadow Madness, then we buff it with Power Word Shield and Divine Spirit. "Do we play the Miracle package, the Stealth package, Secrets?" Miracle was everyone's first starting place, as it was the dominant Rogue archetype before Stormwind."Do we have to pla y every SI:7 card?" Yes!.Resources Fireside Gatherings Related Subreddits Chat (Discord) Sticky Threads & Guides Community Sites Tools Icons made by Daniel Bruce, Freepik, Icomoon, Icon Works, and Bogdan Rosu from are licensed by CC BY 3.0. Nayarasylvestre 74 viewers VEM DE CARNAYVAL Official Hearthstone Links Xeno_wild 113 viewers Último día de season, Día de Andalucía y yo con estos pelos. Suvorovandrey 77 viewers EU Ladder / Welcome to the secret stream! ЦЕЛЬ 13200 □□□īerono91 87 viewers Februar Endspiel Ladder! Ein Ort des Friedens !youtube !fulltime !deutsch #werbu. Solaryhs 1968 viewers Felkeine : top 100 BG ! Rdulive 7738 viewers Last Day of Season, Top16 is Ours COPIUM !Firestone #ad Upcoming Events Full Calendar Hearthstone Streams Top Streams They enjoy the thrill of the chase and may pursue multiple partners at the same time. Men with Venus in Gemini frequently seek partners who are communicative, sociable, and adaptable. These characteristics shape their romantic preferences, behaviors, and expectations in a variety of ways. They thrive on intellectual stimulation and require a partner who can hold lively conversations and debates with them. They also have a strong desire for variety in their social lives and romantic relationships. ![]() They are the life of the party because of their natural charm and wit. Men born with Venus in Gemini are known for their love of communication and socialising. He rarely takes anything seriously, and can make someone die laughing within minutes of meeting him. He is a good conversationalist, a good listener, great at socialising and making connections, and a bit of a joker. The typical Gemini male is free-spirited social butterflies. ![]() Individuals born under this zodiac sign may, however, struggle with a lack of focus and commitment, as their love of variety and stimulation can sometimes lead to them becoming easily bored or distracted. Gemini is ruled by Mercury, the planet of communication and intellect, emphasising the sign’s communicative nature even more.Īside from their love of communication and socializing, Geminis are often adept at multitasking and adapting to change, making them excellent problem solvers and quick thinkers. They are frequently regarded as witty, charming, and versatile, with an ability to influence and persuade others through their words. Geminis are known for their communicative and inquisitive personalities, as well as their love of learning and socialising. It reflects Gemini’s dual nature and ability to adapt to different situations and personas. The twins are the symbol representing the Gemini sun sign. Gemini is the third sun sign of the zodiac and is associated with the element of air in astrology. Venus’s position in a specific sign and house can reveal a person’s romantic tendencies, values, and desires, as well as their attitude towards beauty and aesthetics. Discover the biological drive that is even stronger than his hunger, thirst, and sex drive.Īside from its symbolic meaning, the planet Venus and its position in a person’s astrological chart are thought to have a significant impact on their romantic life, relationships, and overall sense of beauty and pleasure. ![]() Unlocking His Hero Instinct: Get a sneak peek into the ultimate secret to becoming his deepest passion and priority in life. The Power of ‘Little’ Gestures: Find out how tiny actions can trigger an avalanche of love and make him see you as the only woman for him.īoundary Setting That Attracts: Learn the boundary secrets that create irresistible attraction and respect, without ever feeling controlling.įuturistic Love: Harness the power of shared dreams and watch him commit to a future with you like never before. Quality Time That Bonds: Unlock powerful bonding activities that will make every moment you spend together fuel his love for you. Communication Mastery: Uncover the secret to making him crave every word you say and hanging on your every thought.ĭecode His Love Language: Stop guessing and start knowing exactly how to make him feel loved, appreciated, and obsessed with you.įreedom Within Love: Discover the magic balance of independence that will make him miss you and want you even more.īulletproof Trust: Learn the trust-building secrets that will make him open his heart and soul to you, fostering an unbreakable bond.Ĭompromise Without Losing: Understand the art of compromise that will make him see you as his ultimate partner, without ever sacrificing your needs. ![]() Released multiple-choice exams are in a separate folder. Īdvanced Placement® Language and Literature Tests from 1970 to 2023.ĪP Language and LiteratureTests Reorganized: Each prompt is now a separate dated file with prompt, scoring guide (6-point and/or 9-point), sample student essays, comments - whatever I have, attached. (These materials are offered under the face-to-face teaching fair access exemption).ĭonors are welcome to contact me with any special requests for information ( Available in the DropBox Filesĭetailed List of All Materials - DropBox Content. You will need to have a free DropBox account for access. Your donation pays for online storage space, extended bandwidth, software, security services, and my time. A DropBox link will be provided to donors who contribute at least $25.00, using any of the “Donate” buttons on any page. I am unable to share some materials online. Overview of AP Language Stable Prompts, as PDF and as PowerPoint. Open Prompts Grouped, Poetry Prompts Grouped, and Prose Prompts Grouped.Īll Three AP Language Free Response Prompts, 1970 to 2023, as PDF.ĪP Language Prose Passages, 1982 to 2023, as PDF (Thanks to Chris Godat). Interesting re-grouping of AP Literature prompts by subjects (Thanks to Ann Elizabeth Richards). Overview of AP Literature Stable Pronots, as PDF and as PowerPoint. Condensed 1-Page List (Thanks to Claudia Felske).ĪP Literature Poetry Prompts, 1970 to 2023, as PDF.ĪP Literature Poetry Prompts with Poems, 1970 to 2023, as PDF.ĪP Literature Prose Prompts, 1970 to 2023, as PDF.ĪP Literature Prose Passages, 1970 to 2023, as PDF.ĪP Prose Writers Referenced, 1970-2023, as PDF.ĪP Prose Prompts Rewritten with Stable Wording, as PDF (Thanks to Tia Miller). ![]() ![]() Many of these files are available in Word document form in the DropBox, so you can edit the originals easily.Īdvanced Placement® Literature Tests (to 2023)ĪP Lit Referenced Titles, 1970 to 2023, as Webpage.ĪP Lit Referenced Titles as PDF (and 2-column format).ĪP Literature Open Prompts, 1970-2023, as PDF, PowerPoint, and Webpage. Some materials cannot be shared online and are found only in the DropBox files. Versions of all these files are available in the DropBox in Word format so you can edit them yourself. You may find other useful materials at Assignments, Handouts OR Yummy Bytes.Īfter consulting a copyright lawyer (who just happens to be married to an Advanced Placement® English teacher), I am once again sharing online some of the lists I have maintained since 2004, with modifications. I can maintain and expand this website only with your help. Just for Advanced Placement Teachers If you download or print anything from this site, please consider making at least a $10.00 donation through PayPal. For example, a dependable garden auger drill bit can mix paint quickly. Most auger drill bits are multifunctional. Many auger bits are alloy steel and other sturdy materials. Still, you’ll need a model made with rigid materials to get the job done. Garden auger drill bits carve through soil that’s too tough for trowels. Many auger drill bits come in sets of two or three sizes. Buying a 16-inch bit may prevent you from having to bend down too far to use it. When transplanting small plants, you’ll want a bit that’s at least 2 inches wide and 1 foot long. What to look for in a quality garden auger drill bit Size Additionally, using a drill with a handle on the side ensures you won’t hurt your wrist if the bit catches a rock. Still, there are numerous cordless drills with enough power to dig holes in your garden. Corded drills tend to be the most powerful, but the cord may pose a tripping hazard. ![]() Generally, you’ll need to use a 14-volt or 18-volt drill. Your garden auger drill bit is only as powerful as the drill you use. ![]() Make sure the drill’s jaws are tight around the bit so that it doesn’t fall out while you’re gardening. Ensure the auger drill bit is centered between the power drill’s jaws and press the trigger so the jaws will tighten around the bit. In most cases, these bits are just as easy to attach to your drill as a standard drill bit. Even a bit made from the sturdiest metal can break if the welding is poor. Still, you must buy a bit with superior welding and materials. In most cases, these tools are competent. Many users praise garden auger drill bits for their ability to drill through soil that would be difficult to break with a shovel or trowel. Additionally, longer garden drill bits may prevent you from working on your knees. Shorter auger bits are ideal for bulbs and onions, whereas long bits 2 to 6 inches wide are great for perennials and transplants. These bits come in various lengths and widths for multiple plants, bulbs and other jobs. These tools allow you to dig holes for planting your garden quickly. Garden auger drill bits are large circular bits used in conjunction with a power drill. What to know before you buy a garden auger drill bit What is a garden auger drill bit? The Power Planter Extended Length Garden Auger Drill Bit, for example, is durable enough to cut through clay soil with rocks, roots and more. Luckily, garden auger drill bits make quick work of tough soil. Hard soil with rocks and debris can make the task even more challenging. ![]() Unfortunately, digging holes for your plants can be hard on your back and knees. This RYOBI 40V HP Brushless 8" Auger Kit is backed by the RYOBI 5-Year Manufacturer's Tool Warranty, 3-Year Manufacturer’s Battery Warranty, and includes RY40701 40V HP Brushless 8" Auger, OP40404 40V 4Ah Lithium Battery, OP404 40V Charger, AC8DRT 8" Bit, Handle Assembly, Wrench, Quick-Connect Pin, and Operator's Manuals.Gardening is an excellent way to blow off steam. Best of all, it is part of the RYOBI 40V system where any 40V battery works with any 40V product. The forward and reverse functions and two speeds offer versatility in choosing the best speed for the job, and the anti-kickback system ensures safety while working around rocks and roots. For ultimate comfort while you work, it’s lighter than gas augers with reduced vibration. ![]() Experience gas performance with just the pull of a trigger. 40V HP technology combines a brushless motor, advanced electronics, and high performance lithium technology to provide the power to dig for fences and landscaping, and digs up to 30 holes per charge. 40V HP Technology delivers more power than a 52cc gas auger, making this auger a true gas replacement. Enter the RYOBI 40V System with the RYOBI 40V HP Brushless 8" Auger Kit. It is best to keep HWMonitor running in the background all day long to find out how high temperatures go on the system on a normal day. The maximum temperature value is especially helpful as it highlights how high temps can get on the system. There are unfortunately no notification options available that inform the user if the temperature reaches critical levels, something that other temperature monitors provide. The temperatures can be saved to a text file. This can be very useful in determining how hot certain components get on a day to day basis, and whether it is required to improve cooling of components. The temperatures are then displayed with their min, max and mean values to give the user information about the temperature range. The program will automatically monitor the temperatures of supported hardware components for as long as it is running. All temperatures are displayed in the main interface upon startup divided by component and in Celsius and Fahrenheit. The portable software program is compatible with common temperature sensor chips on the computer's motherboard, cpu thermal sensors, hard drive smart technologies and video card temperatures. ![]() HWMonitor is but one of the many programs out there that can monitor computer temperatures. These programs usually draw their information from the hardware components (for instance by reading SMART information from hard drives), or sensors integrated on the motherboard. ![]() One option to monitor the temperature of components is to use software based temperature monitors. ![]() Temperatures that reach critical levels can lead to all kinds of computer related problems including crashes, blue screens, data loss and even permanently damaged hardware. Keeping an eye on the computer temperature, especially that of the most relevant components like the processor (cpu), hard drives and video cards, is essential to ensure data integrity and reliability. Software includes everything you need to work with PDFs on your Windows PC. With that app, you can open PDFs from any Windows program, making it easy to work with portable document format files on your PC. On your Windows PC, you can use it to create files in the portable document format. With Nitro Pro online, you can create, convert, edit, sign, and share portable document format files on your Windows PC. You can access all the tools you need to work with PDFs through this robust PDF creation and editing tool. If you need help, you can contact customer support team via live chat or email. The offline documentation is also comprehensive and includes a PDF manual. The online documentation is fairly comprehensive and covers a wide range of topics, such as how to use Nitro Pro app for free, how to troubleshoot common problems, and more. Product offers online and offline documentation, live chat, and email support. Overall, it is a powerful PDF viewer and editor that should meet the needs of most users. The application provides both online and offline documentation, live chat assistance, and email support for its users. In terms of security, Nitro Pro download for free offers the ability to password-protect PDFs. Plus, it has OCR capabilities, which enable it to turn scanned documents into text that can be edited. Software offers a variety of features, including the ability to view, create, edit, convert, and sign PDF files. Overall, app is relatively easy to use and should present no problems for most users. The Secondary Toolbar gives you access to more sophisticated functions, such as the capability to add watermarks and convert PDF files into Microsoft Office formats if you require them. Simply select the “Edit” option from the main toolbar and then make your changes. Editing PDFs in Nitro Pro for Windows app is also fairly straightforward. Selecting the "Create PDF" option from the main toolbar, followed by the file type you want to convert, makes it easy to create new portable document format files (e.g., Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc.). Overall, the interface is well designed and should be easy for most users to figure out. ![]() The Navigation Pane is located on the left-hand side of the interface and allows users to quickly navigate through PDFs. ![]() Below the main toolbar is a Secondary Toolbar that provides access to more advanced features, such as the ability to add watermarks, convert PDFs to Microsoft Office formats, and more. ![]() The main toolbar of install Nitro Pro on Ubuntu is located at the top of the window and has several functions, such as the capacity to open, produce, edit, convert, and sign files in the portable document format. Program's interface is clean and relatively intuitive. In terms of support, Nitro Pro free download offers both online and offline documentation and live chat and email support. Software also offers OCR capabilities, meaning that it can convert scanned documents into editable text. It has a number of capabilities, including combining, dividing, and password-protect portable document format files and adding or removing text, images, and watermarks from PDFs. Nitro Pro is a PDF reader and editor that allows users work with portable document format files. ![]() Under the Menu, you can do the following actions:Ĭlear out your browsing history and delete data to improve the performance of the browser.Īdjust the speed of your cursor and scrolling. ![]() This is very helpful when you are trying to access rated SPG content. If you want private browsing, this feature will help you out. In this section, you can choose how you want the browser to look like. Learn more about Surfshark and Grab the Best Surfshark Deal Now!įor more VPN discounts, go to ReviewVPN Deals and purchase the best VPN for you.Īllows you to bookmark a website for easy access in the future. You can now log in with your SurfShark VPN account credentials. Please wait for the SurfShark VPN to load its user interface.ġ0. Press the Open button after completing SurfShark VPN’s installation process.ĩ. SurfShark VPN’s app will automatically install itself on your Fire TV stick.Ĩ. The SurfShark VPN installer will download on your device.ħ. ![]() Press the Download (You own it) button.Ħ. Click the official SurfShark icon from your search results.ĥ. Type in the keyword of SurfShark and select from the suggestions that will appear.Ĥ. Press the Search button from the resulting dropdown.ģ. Go to the Home screen of your Firestick.Ģ. If your Firestick still has the older interface, read this article to learn how to update it: Update Firestick Interface.ġ. How to Install Surfshark VPN on Firestick Prevent ISP Throttling which results in lags and buffering.It is the best solution to Firestick Buffering.Your online activities will never be traced back to you. If you are an anime fan, you can also binge watch on 9Anime or the Best Kissanime Alternatives.Ĭlick here to get the lowest price on Surfshark through our exclusive limited-time offer.Īs we always say, stream responsibly by using a premium VPN service like Surfshark. You can watch the latest episodes of your favorite TV Shows with this guide: For example, you can watch the latest movies by referring to this article: The best way to use the Silk browser is to stream videos online. There you go, you can now browse on the Firestick using Silk Web Browser. Take it for a test run and type in the URL Box and select Go.ĩ. You can now start browsing using Amazon Silk Browser.Ĩ. Click Home on your remote and click “Find”.ģ.Type in Silk Browser and choose this item that appears on the results.ħ. ![]() We will show you how to install Amazon Silk and highlight its features as we go along.ġ. You can install the Best Firestick Apps onto the Firestick or watch with the Best Free Movie Websites and Best Free TV Show Websites. Web browsers will allow your Firestick to download APKs that are not readily available at the Amazon App Store. In any case, presently, we can download the Amazon Silk Browser from the Amazon App store directly. Previously, internet browsers must be sideloaded from the Downloader application. The Silk Browser was tailor-made for Amazon Devices, which is comprised of the Firestick and other Fire Devices. However, more popular options such as Chrome and Firefox are common and almost universal alternatives.We will also give you the best Silk Browser Alternatives so that you have other options. Additionally, you can download the app on other devices such as the Fire TV. Silk Browser is a great way to surf the web on your mobile device and comes with a few handy features that sync with Amazon devices. However, you're also able to delete the recently-visited pages in this app's settings. This tab prevents your device from retaining browsing history and passwords. PrivacyĪnother common feature that Silk Browser keeps is the option to enter Incognito Mode. Switching between these options is one of the easiest ways to get the most from your mobile browser. Silk Browser lets you quickly swap how a page loads to a desktop-style, which has its own issues and benefits. Mobile websites are often overly limited, and a web browser that can't change the viewing type becomes a hindrance. You can find all your bookmarks in the menu and can delete any of them with a few taps on your screen. However, the application streamlines this process and helps you get back to surfing the web as fast as possible. One of the generic features available is the option to bookmark websites and pages. ![]() įurther information: History of General Motorsīy 1900, William C. Īs of January 2023, GM is ranked 25th on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. ![]() The current entity was established in 2009 after the General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization. Durant, the largest seller of horse-drawn vehicles at the time. The company traces itself to a holding company for Buick established on September 16, 1908, by William C. GM offers more flexible-fuel vehicles, which can operate on either E85 ethanol fuel or gasoline, or any blend of both, than any other automaker. In January 2021, GM announced plans to end production and sales of vehicles using internal combustion engines, including hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrids, by 2035, as part of its plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040. GM also owns the BrightDrop delivery vehicle manufacturer, a namesake defense vehicles division which produces military vehicles for the United States government and military, the vehicle safety, security, and information services provider OnStar, the auto parts company ACDelco, a namesake financial lending service, and majority ownership in the self-driving cars enterprise Cruise LLC. It also holds interests in Chinese brands Baojun and Wuling via SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. ![]() Its four core automobile brands are Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac. ![]() General Motors operates manufacturing plants in eight countries. By sales, it was the largest automaker in the United States in 2022, and was the largest in the world for 77 years before losing the top spot to Toyota in 2008. General Motors ( GM), formally the General Motors Company, is an American multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center (50%).Again I got a voice mail to leave a message as I did and still haven't heard back from anyone. I go there to pick it up and it took for ever to get the paper work together and get my SUV.Ī few days later I get a text from a Phillip for Sheehy to see how my service went so I called him to let him know, he wasn't at there he was at another dealership that they put me through to. I spoke with someone at the front desk to please let me know about my SUV and please don't put me on hold! Finaly I was told after waiting for 15min on the phone that it will be ready. OK so now its Tuesday mid day and I had called Brian several times & leaving messages to find out about my SUV with no answer or return call. I went there Friday after work to pick up my SUV, waited so long and finialy Brian Jordan (service manager) came to me to tell me its the water delivery system AKA water pump and that they can't get the part till Tuesday morning or afternoon depends on the delivery time (no clue what that is to mean) and he told me to keep the loaner till mine SUV is ready ( mind you I hate the car). Know one called me all day Friday, I called several time to talk with the service manager and he never returned a call. I had a coolant leak, was told it was a lower hose so I went to Sheehy white marsh on a Tuesday & mad an appointment for Friday morning, dropped my SUV off Thursday after work and they gave me a car to use to get to work. When rainfall hits an impervious surface, it meets whatever pollutants reside on that surface. The average city block can generate more than five times as much runoff as a forested area of equal size. In contrast, streets, parking lots, rooftops, and other hard, impervious (nonabsorbent) surfaces essentially repel stormwater, preventing it from soaking into the land and forcing it to flow whichever way gravity takes it. This is then gradually released into the groundwater, nearby water bodies, and the atmosphere. Porous natural landscapes, such as meadows and forests, will readily soak up most of the rain or snowmelt they receive. The more permeable (or absorbent) the surface, the less runoff there will be. Runoff, the product of rainstorms or snowstorms, flows over the ground and into drains, sewers, and waterways. Gray infrastructure also does not provide the same community benefits mentioned above. It does not provide the same range of benefits as green infrastructure since it neither reduces the amount of stormwater that reaches waterways nor, for the most part, improves the quality of that runoff. It relies on hard infrastructure-such as storm drains, concrete, and pipes-to collect and channel stormwater (sometimes treated, oftentimes not) into waterways. Gray infrastructure is the more traditional (and typically more expensive) water management systems that green infrastructure complements and can at times replace. It also increases the quality and quantity of local water supplies and provides myriad other environmental, economic, and health benefits-often in nature-starved urban areas. It mimics natural hydrological processes and uses natural elements such as soil and plants to turn rainfall into a resource instead of a waste. Green infrastructure captures the rain where it falls. In doing so, it cuts down on the amount of flooding and reduces the polluted runoff that reaches sewers, streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Green infrastructure encompasses a variety of water management practices, such as vegetated rooftops, roadside plantings, absorbent gardens, and other measures that capture, filter, and reduce stormwater. Here’s a look at what green infrastructure is, what it does, and why we should invest so much green paper in it. As an alternative to traditional water management systems, green infrastructure offers a cost-effective solution to many of our water woes, including how to handle flooding and stormwater pollution. The country’s urgent infrastructure needs also present a major opportunity. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that upgrading our stormwater and other public wastewater systems will require at least $150 billion in investments over the next two decades. Not surprisingly, in 2021, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed a lowly D letter grade on U.S. In many urban and suburban areas, this runoff causes significant flooding as well. waterways from city sewer systems every year, polluting the environment and drinking water supplies. An estimated 10 trillion gallons of untreated stormwater runoff, containing everything from raw sewage to trash to toxins, enters U.S. ![]() The critical systems we rely on nationwide endure chronic overuse and underinvestment, including our stormwater management systems. ![]() ![]() From highways to bridges to airports, America’s infrastructure is in dire need of a face-lift. |
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